May 18, 2022 · May 18, 2022. Elon Musk called a prominent index of socially responsible companies a “scam” on Wednesday after it dropped Tesla because of the way the carmaker handled accusations of racial ... S&P Dow Jones Indices: S&P Sustainability Screened Indices Methodology 4 Eligibility Criteria Index Universe Each index is constructed from constituents of the underlying index. S&P ESG Screened Index Underlying Index S&P 500 Sustainability Screened Index S&P 500 S&P MidCap 400 Sustainability Screened Index S&P MidCap 400 In 2023, S&P Global will invite over 13,000 companies to participate in the CSA. This includes: Companies will be invited in three groups, starting with those eligible for any Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI). The list of invited companies will be updated with the other groups in the coming weeks. All companies that participated in the ... Welcome to the 2023 edition of S&P Global’s Sustainability Yearbook. Here you’ll find the world’s leading companies based on their sustainable business practices. The rigor of our Corporate Sustainability Assessment, or CSA, is what makes identifying these companies possible. Over the past 24 years the CSA has grown into a leading ...Dow Jones Sustainability World Index: A global index consisting of the top 10% of the largest stocks in the Dow Jones Global Indexes (which cover more than 2,500 companies) in terms of their ...The ESG risk of Schwab® S&P 500 Index Fund's holdings is comparable to its peers in the US Equity Large Cap Blend category, thus earning an average Morningstar Sustainability Rating of 3 globes ...Back-tested performance reflects application of an index methodology and selection of index constituents with the benefit of hindsight and knowledge of factors that may have positively affected its performance, cannot account for all financial risk that may affect results and may be considered to reflect survivor/look ahead bias.Home to the S&P 500® and Dow Jones Industrial Average®, S&P Dow Jones Indices is the world’s leading resource for benchmarks and investable indices.Corinne and Mike delve into the five of the hottest ESG-related topics set to permeate 2021, sourced from S&P Global Ratings' sustainable finance team around the globe. As the pandemic persists, questions about equitable vaccine distribution continue to highlight the social divide and show that the fight for equality is far from over. The launch of the S&P 500 ESG Index in April 2019 signaled an evolution in sustainable investing. Indices based on environmental, social and governance (ESG) data were no longer simply a means for companies to declare their sustainability credentials or tools to manage tactical investments playing a minor role in investors’ portfolios.FTSE Russell. In 2022, Credit Suisse Group received a FTSE overall rating of 4.3 (out of 5), which places it in the 93rd percentile. 2021: 4.1 overall rating; 90th percentile rank. 2020: 4.5 overall rating; 93rd percentile rank. Credit Suisse is included in the FTSE4Good Index since their launch in 2001. 1999. The first Corporate Sustainability Assessment (CSA) is sent to 2,000 companies. It is paper-based and all materials and evidence are returned as hard copies. Dow Jones Indexes (now S&P Dow Jones Indices) & SAM jointly launch the world’s first ever global sustainability benchmark, the DJSI World. The first ever DJSI World Index has 228 ... Unlike other indices, the AIChE Sustainability Index benchmarks well-defined performance metrics and indicators, including EH&S performance, innovation, and societal measures. The metrics are based on over 30 sources of public data and allow companies to measure their efforts at the company and sector level.BBVA has improved one position in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI), thus becoming the most sustainable bank in the world, together with the South Korean bank, KB Financial Group. Both banks received the highest score in the global banks category. After holding the second position for the past two years, this is the first time that BBVA ...S&P Dow Jones Indices: Dow Jones Sustainability Indices Methodology 3 Introduction Index Objective The Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI) are float-adjusted market capitalization weighted indices that measure the performance of companies selected with ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance & Economic) criteria using a best-in-class approach.ETFs tracking the S&P 500 Sustainability Screened Index are presented in the following table. Symbol. ETF Name. Asset Class. Total Assets*. YTD. Avg Volume. Previous Closing Price.Jul 16, 2020 · In the just-completed 2020 research, examining 2019 reporting activities, G&A determined that 90% -- 9-of-10 companies in the S&P 500 were publishing a sustainability report. The 2020 research ... Download now. While the assessment portal will open its doors on Tuesday 5 April for companies eligible for inclusion in the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI), S&P Global has already announced the forthcoming methodology changes for the 2022 CSA during a webcast on 15 March. Finch & Beak has summarized the announced changes in this article.MSCI ESG Ratings provide an assessment of the long-term resilience of companies to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues. Our ESG Industry Materiality Map is a representation of the current Key ESG Issues and their contribution to companies' ESG Ratings. It is part of our ESG Ratings transparency initiatives, through which we have ... 1999. The first Corporate Sustainability Assessment (CSA) is sent to 2,000 companies. It is paper-based and all materials and evidence are returned as hard copies. Dow Jones Indexes (now S&P Dow Jones Indices) & SAM jointly launch the world’s first ever global sustainability benchmark, the DJSI World. The first ever DJSI World Index has 228 ...Aug 25, 2023 · The Dow Jones Sustainability™ Australia Index is composed of sustainability leaders as identified by S&P Global through the Corporate Sustainability Assessment (CSA). The index represents the top 30% of companies in the S&P/ASX 200 based on long-term economic, environmental, and social criteria. Download now. While the assessment portal will open its doors on Tuesday 5 April for companies eligible for inclusion in the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI), S&P Global has already announced the forthcoming methodology changes for the 2022 CSA during a webcast on 15 March. Finch & Beak has summarized the announced changes in this article.The largest global resource for essential index-based market concepts, data, and research, it is a major investor resource to measure and trade the markets. S&P Dow Jones Indices has been a pioneer in environmental, social, and governance (ESG) indexing for over 20 years, starting with the 1999 launch of the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index ...S&P Dow Jones Indices: Dow Jones Sustainability Indices Methodology 3 Introduction Index Objective The Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI) are float-adjusted market capitalization weighted indices that measure the performance of companies selected with ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance & Economic) criteria using a best-in-class approach.Feb 18, 2021 · If your company chooses a Core CSA –with around 70 questions– you can start completing it by December 1, 2021. For a Full CSA –with around 100 questions–, you can inform the Corporate Engagement team at any time, and the questionnaire will be opened for you within 48 hours. For both options, you have time until mid-January 2022 to ... Find an ESG score. S&P Global ESG Scores use an advanced scoring methodology to provide an annual evaluation of environmental, social and governance practices. * S&P Global Sustainable1 is removing ESG scores for all Russian companies on its public and product platforms. S&P Global Sustainable1 continues to review its position on this coverage ... In 2023, S&P Global will invite over 13,000 companies to participate in the CSA. This includes: Companies will be invited in three groups, starting with those eligible for any Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI). The list of invited companies will be updated with the other groups in the coming weeks. All companies that participated in the ... S&P ESG. The S&P ESG indices are broad-based, market-cap-weighted indices designed to measure the performance of securities meeting sustainability criteria, while maintaining similar overall industry group weights as their underlying benchmark. Overview Indices Index-Linked Products. Dow Jones Sustainability World Index: A global index consisting of the top 10% of the largest stocks in the Dow Jones Global Indexes (which cover more than 2,500 companies) in terms of their ...The S&P 500 ESG Index is broad and constructed to be part of the core of an investor’s portfolio, unlike many ESG indices that have preceded it, which were thematic or narrow in their focus. By targeting 75% of the S&P 500’s market capitalization, industry by industry, the S&P 500 ESG IndexJun 14, 2020 · This year S&P Global will invite over 13,000 companies worldwide to participate in the Corporate Sustainability Assessment (CSA). The assessment is conducted via our dedicated CSA Portal, which provides all invited companies free access to scorecards, statistics, and assessment feedback. Any company interested in the CSA may participate free of ... Published by Statista Research Department , Nov 24, 2022. Throughout 2019 the S&P 500 and the S&P 500 ESG index had similar performances, both indexes were weighted to similar industries as the S ...The S&P 500 ESG Index is a broad-based, market-cap-weighted index that is designed to measure the performance of securities meeting sustainability criteria, while maintaining similar overall industry group weights as the S&P 500. Documents Factsheet Methodology Additional Info Index Classification ESG Core ESG S&P ESG News & Announcements SEE ALLThematic Sustainability Indices. Our thematic sustainability indices focus on a range of themes, from clean energy and natural resources to infrastructure and green real estate. Innovations in the way we construct indices, including advanced machine learning techniques, allow us to identify and track the megatrends reshaping our future.Core ESG. Our core ESG indices include best-in-class indices such as the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI), which target the top 10% of ESG performers, as well as broader market indices such as the S&P 500 ESG Index, which target the top 75% of the float market capitalization of each GICS ® industry group within their parent indices by S ...Nov 16, 2022 · Key takeaways from G&A’s research include: 81% of Russell 1000 companies published a sustainability report in 2021, an impressive increase from 70% in 2020. The smallest half by market cap of ... In 2023, S&P Global will invite over 13,000 companies to participate in the CSA. This includes: Companies will be invited in three groups, starting with those eligible for any Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI). The list of invited companies will be updated with the other groups in the coming weeks. All companies that participated in the ... sustainability indices, the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI), for your internal processes and external communication. The CSA has become a reference tool for companies to gauge the financial materiality of their sustainability performance from an investor perspective and to prepare themselves to address upcoming sustainability trends.Dec 16, 2022 · S&P Global is committed to providing transparency to the market through high-quality independent opinions on sustainability. Safeguarding the quality, independence and integrity of S&P Global’s ESG Scores, including by identifying and managing potential conflicts of interest, is embedded in its culture and at the core of everything S&P Global ... Unlike other indices, the AIChE Sustainability Index benchmarks well-defined performance metrics and indicators, including EH&S performance, innovation, and societal measures. The metrics are based on over 30 sources of public data and allow companies to measure their efforts at the company and sector level.Benchmark index family for tracking green, social and sustainability bonds. The iBoxx ® Global Green, Social & Sustainability Bonds Index is designed to reflect the performance of global Green, Social and Sustainability investment grade and high yield sovereign, sub-sovereign and corporate bonds denominated in EUR, USD, GBP and CAD, whilst upholding minimum standards of investability and ...S&P ESG. The S&P ESG indices are broad-based, market-cap-weighted indices designed to measure the performance of securities meeting sustainability criteria, while maintaining similar overall industry group weights as their underlying benchmark. Overview Indices Index-Linked Products. Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI) Arçelik has achieved 87/100 in the S&P Global Corporate Sustainability Assessment (CSA) as of 21 October 2022. For the fourth consecutive year, Arçelik achieved the highest score out of 46 companies assessed in the DHP Household Durables Industry based on the results of December 16, 2022. May 18, 2022. Elon Musk called a prominent index of socially responsible companies a “scam” on Wednesday after it dropped Tesla because of the way the carmaker handled accusations of racial ...Jun 29, 2022 · Dow Jones Sustainability North America Index: A stock index that captures the top 20% of the largest 600 companies in the Dow Jones Global Index that are based in North America. Companies are ... Global requirements for responsible investing are driving the demand for transparency in environmental, social and governance (ESG) considerations for benchmark and tradable indices underlying investment portfolios and other financial products. With initiatives from global supranational institutions such as EU Sustainable Finance, UN Framework ...S&P 500 Environmental & Socially Responsible Index. The index Launch Date is May 11, 2015. All information for an index prior to its Launch Date is hypothetical back-tested, not actual performance, based on the index methodology in effect on the Launch Date. See More. Feb 7, 2023 · S&P Global Ratings' second party opinions and company sustainability assessments, and its related sustainability research, insight, and analysis, are for companies looking to help their investors gain a better understanding of their strategy, purpose, and management quality. S&P 500 Today: Get all information on the S&P 500 Index including historical chart, news and constituents. Aug 25, 2023 · The Dow Jones Sustainability™ Australia Index is composed of sustainability leaders as identified by S&P Global through the Corporate Sustainability Assessment (CSA). The index represents the top 30% of companies in the S&P/ASX 200 based on long-term economic, environmental, and social criteria. S&P Global Ratings' second party opinions and company sustainability assessments, and its related sustainability research, insight, and analysis, are for companies looking to help their investors gain a better understanding of their strategy, purpose, and management quality.S&P 500 Today: Get all information on the S&P 500 Index including historical chart, news and constituents.For the entire Russell 1000 Index, our research found that 70% of the Russell 1000 companies published a sustainability report in 2020, up from 65% in 2019. The number of reporters in the smallest half by market cap of the Russell 1000 index rose to 49% in 2020 from 39% in 2019, showing that corporate sustainability reporting is increasingly ...Server Time . SIMS3 ...Find an ESG score. S&P Global ESG Scores use an advanced scoring methodology to provide an annual evaluation of environmental, social and governance practices. * S&P Global Sustainable1 is removing ESG scores for all Russian companies on its public and product platforms. S&P Global Sustainable1 continues to review its position on this coverage ...A sustainability index encompasses and combines the performance indices to have a comprehensive performance indicator. Loucks (1997) was among the first researchers who used the sustainability index to evaluate a water resource system's performance and use it to choose the best option among a set of plans and policies. He suggested that a ...The nation is the third-largest consumer of energy globally, according to data from S&P Global Commodity Insights. Total primary energy demand more than doubled from 2000 to 2020, surging to 937 million tons of oil equivalent (Mtoe) from 417 Mtoe. Still, India’s energy consumption per capita is less than 1/10th of the US’s.A record number of 1,728 DJSI eligible companies actively participated, an increase of 9% over last year in this group. Of all invited companies, 2,480 have already submitted, representing over 48% of global market capitalization, relative to the S&P Global Broad Market Index (BMI), up from 45% in 2021. The assessment is still ongoing until end ... The launch of the S&P 500 ESG Index in April 2019 signaled an evolution in sustainable investing. Indices based on environmental, social and governance (ESG) data were no longer simply a means for companies to declare their sustainability credentials or tools to manage tactical investments playing a minor role in investors’ portfolios.The Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI), the leading benchmarks for corporate sustainability, are powered by the S&P Global ESG Scores. S&P Dow Jones Indices, which calculates the DJSI, uses the S&P Global ESG Scores to identify the companies with the best ESG profiles, industry by industry, to construct these “best in class” indices.S&P Global, provides the data that powers the globally recognized Dow Jones Sustainability Indices, S&P 500 ESG Index, and others in the S&P ESG Index Series. Each year, S&P Global conducts the Corporate Sustainability Assessment, an ESG analysis of over 7,300 companies. The Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI) are a family of best-in-class benchmarks for investors who have recognized that sustainable business practices are critical to generating long-term shareholder value and who wish to reflect their sustainability convictions in their investment portfolios. The family was launched in 1999 as the first ...The Environmental Sustainability Index is produced quarterly by Honeywell in collaboration with Futurum Research. The goal of the index is to inform the global community on the current and anticipated adoption of technologies that directly support Environmental and Sustainability initiatives. Download Q3 2023 Report.Download now. While the assessment portal will open its doors on Tuesday 5 April for companies eligible for inclusion in the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI), S&P Global has already announced the forthcoming methodology changes for the 2022 CSA during a webcast on 15 March. Finch & Beak has summarized the announced changes in this article.Welcome to the 2023 edition of S&P Global’s Sustainability Yearbook. Here you’ll find the world’s leading companies based on their sustainable business practices. The rigor of our Corporate Sustainability Assessment, or CSA, is what makes identifying these companies possible. Over the past 24 years the CSA has grown into a leading ...Broad Market Index). The S&P Global research universe comprises companies that are part of core S&P Dow Jones Indices benchmarks, companies that are eligible for the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices and other companies that are relevant for or requested by investors. As of March 2022, 2,250+ companies (representing overJul 31, 2023 · The ESG risk of Schwab® S&P 500 Index Fund's holdings is comparable to its peers in the US Equity Large Cap Blend category, thus earning an average Morningstar Sustainability Rating of 3 globes ... Read: S&P Global Foundation The S&P Global Foundation is about much more than philanthropy—we are about making a difference by finding and developing essential connections between the knowledge- and skill-driven work of S&P Global and the needs of society. Our strong commitment to accelerating progress begins with our own operations. At S&P Global, we fulfill our responsibility as a company by creating a diverse and inclusive workplace, reducing our environmental footprint and upholding the highest standards of corporate governance. We recognize that good data and intelligence allows for better ...S&P Global Sustainability-Linked Bond Framework. Global. ... 2021. UK Modern Slavery Act Statement. EMEA. Download. 2021. French Gender Equality Index Report (IHS ...Our strong commitment to accelerating progress begins with our own operations. At S&P Global, we fulfill our responsibility as a company by creating a diverse and inclusive workplace, reducing our environmental footprint and upholding the highest standards of corporate governance. We recognize that good data and intelligence allows for better ... May 18, 2022. Elon Musk called a prominent index of socially responsible companies a “scam” on Wednesday after it dropped Tesla because of the way the carmaker handled accusations of racial ...A record number of 1,728 DJSI eligible companies actively participated, an increase of 9% over last year in this group. Of all invited companies, 2,480 have already submitted, representing over 48% of global market capitalization, relative to the S&P Global Broad Market Index (BMI), up from 45% in 2021. The assessment is still ongoing until end ...Our strong commitment to accelerating progress begins with our own operations. At S&P Global, we fulfill our responsibility as a company by creating a diverse and inclusive workplace, reducing our environmental footprint and upholding the highest standards of corporate governance. We recognize that good data and intelligence allows for better ... Bloomberg Ticker : SPXESUP. The S&P 500 ESG Index is a broad-based, market-cap-weighted index that is designed to measure the performance of securities meeting sustainability criteria, while maintaining similar overall industry group weights as the S&P 500. The S&P Global Corporate Sustainability Assessment (CSA) is an annual evaluation of companies’ sustainability practices. It covers over 10,000 companies from around the world. The CSA focuses on sustainability criteria that are both industry-specific and financially material and has been doing so since 1999. DOWNLOAD CSA FACTSHEET CSA ... May 25, 2022 · Sustainable investing’s credibility took a hit when the S&P 500 ESG index dropped the electric vehicle-maker but kept the oil giant. The SEC is now considering new disclosure rules. S&P Global is committed to providing transparency to the market through high-quality independent opinions on sustainability. Safeguarding the quality, independence and integrity of S&P Global’s ESG Scores, including by identifying and managing potential conflicts of interest, is embedded in its culture and at the core of everything S&P Global ...Nov 24, 2022 · Published by Statista Research Department , Nov 24, 2022. Throughout 2019 the S&P 500 and the S&P 500 ESG index had similar performances, both indexes were weighted to similar industries as the S ... The first Corporate Sustainability Assessment is sent to 2,000 companies. It is paper-based and all materials and evidence are returned as hard copies! Dow Jones Indexes (now S&P Dow Jones Indices); SAM jointly launch the world’s first ever global sustainability benchmark, the Dow Jones Sustainability™ World Index (DJSI World). The S&P Global Corporate Sustainability Assessment (CSA) is an annual evaluation of companies’ sustainability practices. It covers over 10,000 companies from around the world. The CSA focuses on sustainability criteria that are both industry-specific and financially material and has been doing so since 1999. DOWNLOAD CSA FACTSHEET CSA ... The Dow Jones Sustainability™ World Index comprises global sustainability leaders as identified by S&P Global through the Corporate Sustainability Assessment (CSA). It represents the top 10% of the largest 2,500 companies in the S&P Global BMI based on long-term economic, environmental and social criteria.The Dow Jones Sustainability Indices ( DJSI) launched in 1999, are a family of indices evaluating the sustainability performance of thousands of companies trading publicly, operated under a strategic partnership between S&P Dow Jones Indices and RobecoSAM (Sustainable Asset Management) [1] of the S&P Dow Jones Indices.The Country Sustainability Ranking analyzes 150 countries spanning emerging and developed economies and is updated semi-annually. Insights from assessments and rankings are incorporated into the investment process for Robeco’s Government Bond Strategies and are also used to determine country weights in the S&P ESG Sovereign Bond Index Family.S&P Global ESG Scores are measured on a scale of 0 – 100, where 100 represents the maximum score. Points are awarded at the question-level, with an average of 130 per company, based on our assessment of up to 1,000 underlying data points according to pre-defined scoring frameworks that assess their availability, quality, relevance, and ...Jun 14, 2020 · This year S&P Global will invite over 13,000 companies worldwide to participate in the Corporate Sustainability Assessment (CSA). The assessment is conducted via our dedicated CSA Portal, which provides all invited companies free access to scorecards, statistics, and assessment feedback. Any company interested in the CSA may participate free of ... Key findings of G&A’s 2021 Sustainability Reporting in Focus report, focusing on the 2020 publication year, include: 92% of the S&P 500 companies published a sustainability report in 2020, up ...
Dow Jones Sustainability North America Index: A stock index that captures the top 20% of the largest 600 companies in the Dow Jones Global Index that are based in North America. Companies are .... Reddit rupaulpercent27s drag race
Sustainability Indices. Our sustainability indices include broad-market indices such as the S&P 500 ESG Index, targeting the top 75% of the float market capitalization of each GICS ® industry group by S&P DJI ESG Score, best-in-class indices such as the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI), which target the top 10% of sustainability performers, and more.Nov 16, 2021 · Key findings of G&A’s 2021 Sustainability Reporting in Focus report, focusing on the 2020 publication year, include: 92% of the S&P 500 companies published a sustainability report in 2020, up ... Find an ESG score. S&P Global ESG Scores use an advanced scoring methodology to provide an annual evaluation of environmental, social and governance practices. * S&P Global Sustainable1 is removing ESG scores for all Russian companies on its public and product platforms. S&P Global Sustainable1 continues to review its position on this coverage ... Find an ESG score. S&P Global ESG Scores use an advanced scoring methodology to provide an annual evaluation of environmental, social and governance practices. * S&P Global Sustainable1 is removing ESG scores for all Russian companies on its public and product platforms. S&P Global Sustainable1 continues to review its position on this coverage ...The S&P Global Corporate Sustainability Assessment. The Corporate Sustainability Assessment (CSA) empowers you to leverage the unique expertise and the proprietary methodology and database underlying the world’s most renowned sustainability indices . Established in 1999, the CSA has become the basis for numerous ESG indices over the last two ...The AIChE Sustainability Index was developed by engineering and scientific experts for both engineering and scientific experts and enterprise managers. Unlike other indices, the AIChE Sustainability Index benchmarks well-defined performance metrics and indicators, including EH&S performance, innovation, and societal measures. Benchmark index family for tracking green, social and sustainability bonds. The iBoxx ® Global Green, Social & Sustainability Bonds Index is designed to reflect the performance of global Green, Social and Sustainability investment grade and high yield sovereign, sub-sovereign and corporate bonds denominated in EUR, USD, GBP and CAD, whilst upholding minimum standards of investability and ...The Sustainability Yearbook 2022 considered over 7,500 companies assessed in the 2021 Corporate Sustainability Assessment (CSA). This page provides the ranking of the 700+ companies selected for this year’s Yearbook based on their S&P Global ESG Scores calculated from the CSA. Learn more about the Yearbook Methodology. DISTINCTION COMPANY NAMEThe term sustainability is derived from the Latin word sustinere. "To sustain" can mean to maintain, support, uphold, or endure. [27] [28] So sustainability is the ability to continue over a long period of time. In the past, sustainability referred to environmental sustainability.Provides companies with information on the rationale and intent behind general and cross-industry questions of the CSA. The CSA Companion offers additional details on the structure of each question, definitions used and references. It includes a summary mapping questions in the S&P Global CSA to their corresponding GRI reporting criteria.The ESG risk of Schwab® S&P 500 Index Fund's holdings is comparable to its peers in the US Equity Large Cap Blend category, thus earning an average Morningstar Sustainability Rating of 3 globes ...Feb 1, 2022 · BBVA has improved one position in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI), thus becoming the most sustainable bank in the world, together with the South Korean bank, KB Financial Group. Both banks received the highest score in the global banks category. After holding the second position for the past two years, this is the first time that BBVA ... Dec 1, 2021 · For the entire Russell 1000 Index, our research found that 70% of the Russell 1000 companies published a sustainability report in 2020, up from 65% in 2019. The number of reporters in the smallest half by market cap of the Russell 1000 index rose to 49% in 2020 from 39% in 2019, showing that corporate sustainability reporting is increasingly ... .